![]() Accurate design is necessarily based on the combination of numerical and physical models. The forces induced by the mooring system and the connections between the modules complicate the interactions. The performance of a floating breakwater depends on the strongly non-linear interaction of the incident wave (that may partially overtop the module and is in general short-crested and oblique) with the structure dynamics. The wave-induced forces on the connections increase with peak wave period and obliquity intermediate connections withstand much higher forces than terminal connections. The modular assemblage and the mooring system (including position of connections) are primary points of concern for this kind of structures. In the latter case the efficiency is higher, but the forces between modules are higher. Connections are either flexible, allowing preferably only the roll along the breakwater axis, or pre- or post-tensioned, to make them act as a single unit. The first three types have been more widely investigated by means of physical models and prototype experience than the last one.įloating breakwaters often consist of several interconnected modules. Breakwater layout: Floating breakwaters can usually be rearranged into a new layout with minimum effort.įloating breakwaters are commonly divided into four general categories :įor each category, some types of floating breakwaters are shown in Figures 1 - 5.Visual impact: Floating breakwaters have a low profile and present a minimum intrusion on the horizon, particularly for areas with high tide ranges.They may be suitable for areas where summer anchorage or moorage is required. Ice problems: Floating breakwaters can be removed and towed to protected areas if ice formation is a problem.Water quality: Floating breakwaters present a minimum interference with water circulation and fish migration.Deep water: In water depths in excess of 6 m, bottom connected breakwaters are often more expensive than floating breakwaters. ![]() Poor foundation: Floating breakwaters might be a proper solution where poor foundations possibilities prohibit the application of bottom supported breakwaters.Some of the conditions that favour floating breakwaters are : Therefore, they are used for protecting small craft harbours or marinas or, less frequently, the shoreline, aiming at erosion control. They can be effective in coastal areas with mild wave environment conditions (significant wave height not much greater than 1 m and wave periods of 4 s or less ). Figure 1 Example of floating box-breakwater (Fezzano,SP-Italy courtesy of INGEMAR srl)įloating breakwaters provide a relatively cheap solution to protect an area from wave attack, compared to conventional fixed breakwaters. ![]()
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